Monday 20 April 2015

Stanley Lagat: I earn Sh. 12,000 from my official clerical job, but make Sh. 140,000 from my side farming business


The past 11 years were frustrating to the 25 year Stanley Lagat. His job saw him only earn a paltry Sh3, 310 monthly. Though he was in love with his career, the returns were dismal, with financial strains weighing down on him.
The clerical officer at Mosoriot Teachers’ College (MTC), Nandi County, after re-evaluating his life, realised that the only way he could achieve his goals was by juggling between his job and by having a side hustle. “I ‘opened my eyes’ and realised that with my meager salary, I will not have accomplished what I intended. Today, my salary has only been slightly increased to Sh12,000 monthly. I am glad that I kick started my other businesses early,” he says. Lagat is the ideal epitome of self-re-branding. Last year, the CPA Two holder completed a degree course in business management at Moi University. He has now established two businesses whose monthly sales can pay his current salary for two years.
Once Lagat came to terms that his salary can’t pay him much, he started looking for other ways of getting additional income. “Since I was always business minded, I did a market survey in my county and found out that there is an opportunity in dairy farming. I began plans to venture into it. At the same time, I planted vegetables and onions for sell in an acre of land I had,” he says.
Lagat’s start-up capital was an advance of Sh20, 000 he got from his former employer, which was to be deducted from his salary for one year. “In 2004, I bought a dairy cow which provided me with five liters of milk per day, which I sold the nearby market at Sh15 per litre. The demand for milk was high thus forcing me to buy more milk from other farmers and I could sell up to 100 liters in the market,’ he adds. In a few months, Lagat bought another cow. As his milk supply increased, he won a tender to the product in a nearby school. “The intended delivery was 100 liters per day. 
My dairy cows could only produce a few litres. So I sourced the remaining milk from nearby farmers. After another year of good service and reliable delivery to the institution, the tender was renewed,’ he says. Lagat took the tender agreement and the business plan to Equity Bank, Kapsabet branch, where the bank agreed to finance his business with a loan of Sh100,000, repayable within one year. “Since then, I have been taking a loan yearly for the last seven years.
Due to my creditworthiness, the bank has been increasing my loan limit which now stands at Sh500, 000 which I took late last year. I have used the same loan to increase my investments,” he adds. In 2011, the now 36 year old ventured into poultry farming. He has been rearing chicks from day one old onwards. “I have over 300 chicken yearly. As of now, I have 100 kenbros, 100 layers and 50 kienyeji chicken,” he notes. “I also have cows that produce over 80 litres of milk daily which I sell at Sh40 per litre.
And have sold over 30 cows at an average of Sh40, 000 each,” he adds. Having accumulated more savings, in 2012, Lagat opened his first company ‘Mosfarm Electrical Supplies. Additionally, in January this year, he launched another company Stammco Properties which deals with office and schools stationery and printing.
“With a wealth of experience I have gotten from my work place and the knowledge in business management I acquired from the university, I have what it takes to be a good manager. I can manage the resources I have ranging from human resource and financial resource,” he says. Lagat, who doubles as the firms acting chief executive, hired his wife as the general manager. She oversees his businesses.
He also has two permanent farm employees, two shop attendants in each company and one salesman who does the marketing and also doubles up as a driver. “On average I pay them Sh6,000 each per month, plus an incentive whenever there is a big catch in profits to boost their morale,” he says. Lagat spends about Sh120, 000 a month for all the businesses — raking in Sh140,000 monthly in profit . Lagat cites his major achievement as seeing the business grow beyond his expectations. “As an accountant by profession, more so computerised accounting, I do the record keeping myself.
From all the businesses (dairy farming, poultry farming, horticulture and the two companies) I have managed to get over Sh3 million in cumulative profits to date. I feel good now because I have built myself a decent house, bought a pick – up and a salon for business and invested in at least five plots of land,” he says. “Being a clerical officer at the financial department of the college provides me with an opportunity to create networks, get more clients and keeps me focused,” he says.
Time management is Langat’s main challenge as he has to juggle between running his own company and being an employee. “I manage my business between 5:00am to 7:30am and from 5:30 pm to 10:00pm. From 8:00am to 5:00 I serve my employer who if it wasn’t for him I could not be where I am.”

Thursday 16 April 2015

Understanding Common Poultry Diseases in Kenya today


Various types of poultry diseases can cause serious loss in the poultry farming business. Diseases occurs due to lack of proper care and management, inadequate nutritious feeding and some other factors. Generally diseases can be defined as ‘changes of general or usual physical condition’. Almost all types of animal can be affected by different types of disease in their lifetime. Poultry birds are not exception, they also get affected by numerous diseases. This types of disease can suffer the poultry health seriously. If you want to establish a profitable commercial farm or want to raise a few poultry birds on your backyard, then you must have to keep your birds free from all types of diseases. Usually poultry producers face some problems during establishing a new poultry farming business such as lack of capital, location, housing, food management, diseases etc. Among all those problems, poultry diseases are most important to consider. Disease can destroy the whole farm and you might loss money seriously. The meat and egg production of poultry can suddenly decrease due to various types of diseases. Many poultry birds die every year throughout the world, due to various types of diseases. As a result of this, producers loss a huge amount of money. In a word the main reason of financial damage of poultry farming business is various types of diseases.

Classification of Poultry Diseases
There are many types of poultry diseases. The major types of poultry diseases are described below.
Contagious Diseases:  Some diseases spread from affected birds to healthy birds. This types of poultry diseases are known as contagious diseases. Contagious diseases are of 3 types, which are described below.
·                   Viral Disease: This types of diseases caused due to various types of virus. Newcastle, chicken pox, gumboro, mareks, duck plague etc. are viral poultry diseases.
·                   Bacterial Diseases: The diseases which are caused by bacteria are known as bacterial diseases. Cholera,pullorum etc. are some bacterial poultry diseases.
·                   Fungus Diseases: This types of diseases attack the poultry birds through fungus. Spargilosis, fevus, thrash, micotoxicosis etc. are fungus diseases of poultry.
Parasitic Diseases: The organism which live in other animal’s body are known as parasites. This organisms creates some diseases while living in other animal’s body. This types of diseases is known as parasitic diseases. Micoplasmosis, colibesilosis, steptocackich, coccidiosis, espegilosis, worms, lice etc. are parasitic poultry diseases.
Malnutritious Diseases: If you don’t feed your birds well balanced and nutritious feed, then they might suffer by malnutritious diseases. Malnutritious diseases are of two types.
·                   Vitamin Deficiency Diseases: The diseases which caused due to lack of vitamins are called vitamin deficiency diseases.
·                   Mineral Deficiency Diseases: Some diseases attack the poultry birds due to lack of sufficient amount of various types of minerals. This types of diseases are known as mineral deficiency poultry diseases. Mineral play a vital role in keeping the poultry birds healthy. So they become sick and live unhealthy life due to mineral deficiency diseases.

Other Poultry Diseases: The poultry birds also get affected by some other miscellaneous diseases like cannibalism, egg bound etc. Although cannibalism and egg bound are not specifically poultry diseases.

How to start a small Kienyeji chicken business in kenya today: Step by Step





It’s one thing to start a chicken farm, but to start an actual business out of it is something else entirely. You are not only going to become a chicken farmer, but a businessperson as well, depending on what markets you want to target and what part of the chicken industry you want to tap into. In the chicken industry there are two main sectors: Layers, which are chickens bred and raised to produce eggs, or broilers, chickens raised and bred to be slaughtered. Whatever sector you choose, you have to make responsible managerial and financial decisions to make your chicken farm business a profitable one.
 Steps
1.            
1Formulate a business plan. This is one of the most important things to draw up as part of your operation. It tells of what goals you wish to achieve and how you intend to get there. It’s also a plan of how you want to operate your business from not just a producer’s standpoint, but the banker’s, lawyer’s, accountant’s and even possibly the hired hand’s stand point.

2 Have land, capital and equipment. You cannot start up nor maintain a chicken farm or a chicken farming business without these dire necessities. You will need buildings to raise your chickens in, whether they be barns or hutches depending on how you are wanting to raise your chickens: conventional or free-range? Land is to have the buildings on and to grow crops on to feed your chickens. Equipment and machinery are needed to clean barns, dispose of deadstock, work crops, etc.
3 Make a decision how to best raise your chickens. There are two main ways to raise them. Conventional systems have chickens confined to barns that are temperature and photo-period controlled areas. Free-range systems allow your chickens to just about have the run of the farm to behave as naturally as possible.
4 Decide what sectors of the poultry industry you wish to pursue. Ultimately there are two types to choose from: broilers, which are chickens raised for meat, or layers–chickens raised for their eggs. However, there are also the other sectors of the industry that you can pursue. Eggs which are not to be put on the market for human consumption (these can be from both broilers and layers) are incubated and the chicks hatched and raised until they are at the right age to be sold to farms to be raised as layers or broilers. Often the business of incubating eggs and raising chicks is separate from that of raising the chickens themselves. There is also the part of slaughtering chickens for meat that is a separate sector in itself you may wish to pursue.
·                   Many chicken farms (primarily those that are not conventional) have more than one sector of the chicken farming business to operate. Whether you wish to operate all sectors or just one or two is your choice.

5 Find a niche market, if possible. If the area you are in is popular for raising chickens a certain way (more conventional than free-range), you may wish to pursue a niche market that targets the consumer’s interest in free-range chickens rather than the conventionally-raised ones.
2.            
6 Make yourself known to potential customers and consumers. Advertise yourself by simply letting other people know you have eggs or meat you want to sell. Often selling by word-of-mouth is a lot cheaper and still the most popular means of advertising than paying for an advertisement in the local newspaper that may get read by only a few people. However, there is no harm in doing that either, nor is there any harm in setting up a website promoting your product.

7 Keep up with records and accounting of your business and operation. This is so that you can always tell if you are making money or not.

3.           Raise your animals in accordance with the Kenyan law.

THE KEY TO A SUCCESSFUL POULTRY FARMING VENTURE..

THE KEY TO A SUCCESSFUL POULTRY FARMING VENTURE
Owing to the increasing demand for chicken, eggs and the quest for self employment, many people are turning to poultry farming with mixed results. Some have succeeded while due to poor planning, others have failed. They have failed due to their failure to plan. If you are planning or you are already into poultry farming and you wish to grow it big, there are factors you need to consider.
Type of birds: One of the factors one has to consider is the type of birds one wants to keep. This is vital as other factors are dependent on it. The housing system, feeds, equipment and facilities the farmer may require for this venture are dependent on the type of birds to be kept. Chicken can be kept for their eggs or meat (layers or broilers) and recently, huge interest has grown for indigenous chickens. As such, one has to decide upfront what his/her interests are.
Housing: It is said that by building a good housing system, one solves more than 40% of all poultry rearing problems. Chicken must be shielded from hostile weather conditions such as cold, rain, sun and wind. Safety from predators should also be considered in putting up a house unit. Snakes, rodents, foxes, dogs, mongoose and other animals are chickens’ enemies. It is therefore important to confine them in modern structures. The housing unit should have perches for the chicken to roost on at night.

Perch
A poultry shed should be sufficiently ventilated to allow in enough oxygen for the birds. Wire mesh can be used for the walls of the shed and it is vital that the number of birds do not exceed the space capacity of the shed. Overpopulation affects the birds’ health and increases disease incidences. On average, stocking density should be five birds per square meter for layers and ten to eleven for broilers.
A traditional brooding basket known as liuli can be used as a brooder for chicks either inside or outside the house. This is because chicks should be kept away from the chickens.

Improved basket housing for chicks
Equipment and facilities: With the housing, it is also important that it is fitted with the necessary poultry equipment and facilities. This is supposed to be done before the chickens are brought. Some of the necessary equipments include; feeders, drinkers, culling cage (for sick birds), heat source (for chicks), egg crates (for layer) and so on. Based on the type and number of birds you choose to keep, you need to buy sufficient equipments in advance before getting the chickens.
Source of chickens and Selection of the breeding stock: for the initial starting up, you may decide to either buy chicks from suppliers or hatch them yourself. In the latter, one has to have an incubator. There are different places to get incubators for hatching eggs in Kenya. The decision for your source is dependent on capital available, incubator capacity, location in Kenya among others. You can get a poultry incubator through the following ways; buy from an eggs incubator supplier in Kenya – locally made machines or import your own incubator. Locally, incubators may be purchased at KARI centres.
On the other hand, one may decide to multiply his flock especially for indigenous poultry. In this case, one factor to consider is careful selection of the chickens and cocks to ensure only better qualities are passed on. Select a hen that is broody, does not abandon her eggs during hatching and looks after her chicks well. Select a healthy, strong cock and a cock should be allowed only ten hens.

The third option is buying a day old chicks. These can be purchased prom supplies countrywide but we’d recommend the KARI centre in Naivasha. We’ll continue looking at more factors next month.

Best Poultry Farm In Kenya: The Success Story Of Muguku Farm

Best Poultry Farm In Kenya: The Success Story Of Muguku Farm

If you had never heard about the chicken farming success story of Muguku Farm, and someone suggested that you could become a multi-billionaire from poultry, would you believe? When I first heard about this story, my first reaction was “A billionaire poultry farmer?” Making a few hundreds of thousands, and in a very lucky situation a few million shillings is fathomable, but billions!

But someone has done it
One Nelson Muguku, a former college teacher, made not one but over 3 Billion shillings worth of wealth from poultry farming in Kenya. Talk of inspiration; his is one truly inspirational story for all those looking to take up chicken rearing as a business. He has proved that you do not need to go the technocrat way to make a fortune; poultry farming could just be the thing you need, to enter into the billionaires’ league. Here is the success story of Muguku Farm:
How did Muguku Farm start?
Like most successful people, Nelson Muguku did not start right off as a poultry farmer. He was a carpentry teacher in one of Kenya’s colleges. However, even as a teacher, his hobby reflected a strong inner passion that thrived in him; keeping chicken. At the teachers’ quarters in the college, Muguku kept two chickens and a cock and the only profit he made from that was selling eggs, mostly to his colleagues.

At one time, something happened that would put Nelson Muguku on the path that led him to start what grew into the best poultry farm in Kenya. The principal of the college requested him to take his 13 eggs and give them to his hens to sit on. The deal was that they divide the chicks on a 50-50 basis once they are hatched and mature.

The deal that inspired the Muguku farm idea
Luckily, all the eggs were hatched and the principal took the bigger share but was later transferred leaving his chicken behind. His successor was not interested in keeping chicken so he sold them off to Muguku on condition that he pays by supplying him with eggs. Originally, Muguku thought that it would take him a year to pay off the 6 hens and one cock. Surprisingly, it only took him 2 months and that sparked something in him; poultry farming could be a worth business, not just a hobby.
The journey to success
In his possession was a rickety bicycle and some old furniture, but a burning desire to start poultry farming overwhelmed him. He announced to the principal that he was resigning. Everyone including his farther, of course, thought that he was mad but none of that could stop him. He took his possessions and headed to his Rukubi home in Kikuyu.

Nelson Muguku had a personal saving of Ksh.2500 only. This was too small to buy the chickens, structures and feeds required to start a successful poultry farm. However, this too did not stop his dreams. He used the money to take care of the urgent business needs and soon, he was selling eggs in Nairobi. He ploughed back the returns and the business slowly took off and started earning him good profit.
Expanding into a multi-billion poultry farmer
He had sold eggs in Nairobi for about 10 years when he decided to take his business to the next level. He realised that running a hatchery could be more profitable than selling eggs. Following this, Muguku borrowed a loan from Agricultural Finance Corporation (AFC) and bought a 22-acre land at Limuru for Ksh.100,000. He also acquired a 9,000-egg incubator with which he started a hatchery. Luckily, the land he bought had good infrastructure including access to electricity and water.

A short time later, demand for chicks went up and Muguku had to increase his production. He was forced to buy other incubators with a capacity of hatching 42,000 eggs in a week. Currently, Muguku Farm is not only the best poultry farm in Kenya but also the largest with a capacity to hatch more than 200,000 chicks per day. About ¾ of the 22 acres he bought in Limuru are occupied by poultry farming. Muguku also opened a subsidiary poultry farm in Ngong.

Nelson Muguku’s success in poultry farming has proved to Kenyans that chicken rearing can be a truly profitable business and you do not need to start with a million; only one hen and one cock are enough.


Small Scale Broiler Chicken Business Plan.....

Small Scale Broiler Chicken Business Plan


 A broiler is a type of chicken raised specifically for meat production.  Broiler Chicken production is one of the most progressive livestock enterprises in Africa today. Chicken broiler production is advantageous as it requires minimal land for housing only, as commercial feeds can be used for the enterprise. Because of their efficient meat conversion, broiler chickens are also popular in small family farms in rural communities, where families raise small flocks of broilers for home consumption and local sale.Therefore the poultry industry began as a backyard enterprise which has grown to contract farming business. Alternative broiler markets which include hotels, institutional buyers, Supermarkets, Butcheries etc should be surveyed before starting a broiler business to ensure ready market at the time of harvest. The most profitable options between selling the birds dressed or live and selling in the market or at the farm gate should be chosen.
Broiler Chicken Business Returns Calculation for 300 Birds in 6-8weeks 
Item
Number of units
Cost per unit
Total Cost(sh)
Remarks
Expected sales
270 birds
Kes 280
120,960
 1.6 kg per bird
Chick purchase
300 chicks
Kes 70
Kes21,000
10% may die
Feeds required
1350 kgs
Kes 50
Kes 67,500
5kg feeds per bird
Labor& others
15 man days
Kes 200
Kes  3000
Veterinary  
N/A
N/A
Kes  4000
!0% of the cost
Total Cost
Kes 95,500
Returns
Kes 25,460
When Making starter  broiler chicken business plan, determine the total amount of initial investment capital you need for:-
·         Housing construction for a beginner
·         Purchase of equipments
·         Purchase of day old chicks
·         Chick booster feed 10g /chick /day for the first 7 days     
·         Broiler starter feed 60g/chick per day for 3 weeks
·         Broiler finisher feed 90g/chick per day for 2-4weeks
·         Operating expenses (labor, electricity etc)
·         Medication and veterinary services

Housing
The length of the broiler house should run from east to west to prevent direct sunlight. One sq foot floor space per bird is required,. The house should be cat proof, bird proof, rat proof and well ventilated. chicken house and all the equipments should be cleaned and disinfected in preparation for arrival of day old chicks.

 Rearing Day old chicks
The day old chicks should be purchased from reputable hatcheries with a good track record. Broiler chicks selected should be approximately 33g in weight and healthy.
1)      Provide sufficient artificial heat to keep day old chicks warm. Avoid abrupt changes in brooder temperatures during the first two weeks.
2)      Provide adequate space for chicks to avoid overcrowding which can lead to poor growth. Good ventilation and good lighting are important to prevent respiratory diseases and encourage the chicks to start feeding respectively.
3)      Feed chicks intermittently with good quality feeds other than continuously for better utilization of feeds. However do not leave feed troughs empty for more than 1-2 hours. The chicks should be fed regularly following a definite schedule especially during the first  3 weeks. Ensure that fresh drinking water is always available. Vitamins, minerals and antibiotics may be added to drinking water during the 1st few days.
4)      Keep the brooder clean and dry to prevent disease and parasite contamination. Prevent sudden changes in the environment (e.g. removal of brooder canopy and slamming doors) to prevent stress.
5)      Check the chicks every night before sleeping. Immediate burning or burying of dead birds is important for good hygiene.
 Diseases
The most common diseases of poultry affect respiratory and digestive systems. Keep in touch with your Veterinary practitioner for advice and services on disease control and treatment. Vaccinations are necessary for diseases such as Newcastle disease, coccidiosis, infectious bronchitis. 

Performance Indicators
Some important performance indicators for chicken broiler enterprises include feed conversion ratio (FCR), Mortality rate, average body weight and Harvest recovery rate.

Feed conversion ratio= 
Total kg of feeds ÷ total body weight of the whole flock at harvest
The lower the FCR the better as it refers to Kilograms of feed consumed to gain 1 kilogram of meat.
Mortality rate          =
Birds that died during growth cycle and should not exceed  5 %
Average body weight =
Total Kg marketed ÷ total number of birds
A good average is 1.6 kg-2.0 kg achieved within 45-60 days
Harvest recovery rate=                         
% of total birds that were marketed which should not be lower than 90%

Environmental Impacts of broiler chicken enterprise
Livestock production enterprises impacts on the environment through possible contamination of surface and ground water, gas emission from animal waste and unpleasant odors. Gases emitted from livestock enterprises include ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides.

The latter three gases cause atmospheric changes that lead to global warming. The challenge is to constantly develop more effective and efficient technologies for managing animal waste. The chicken dung is currently i used as fertilizer in the farm, feeds for fish and dairy cows in addition to making biogas.